Diferencias entre asilo político y refugiado

Los casos de refugiados y de asilados polà ­ticos tienen las mismas causas,sin embargo, la tramitacià ³n del reconocimiento de ambos estatus es muy diferente, por lo que es importante distinguirlas. En la actualidad, mà ¡s latinoamericanos obtienen la aprobacià ³n de estatus de asilado que de refugiado. El Salvador es el à ºnico paà ­s de la regià ³n cuyos nacionales sacan ambos estatus –asilado y refugiado– en nà ºmeros relevantes. Quià ©nes pueden solicitar ser refugiado o pedir asilo polà ­tico en EE.UU. Parte de la confusià ³n entre estos dos estatus nace del hecho de que tanto con el asilo como con la figura del refugiado se protege a la misma clase de personas. Es decir, a los personas que no pueden o no quieren regresar a su paà ­s de origen porque han sido perseguidas o tienen razones fundadas de llegar a serlo por cualquiera de las razones siguientes: RazaReligià ³nNacionalidadMembresà ­a de un grupo social (como por ejemplo gays, lesbianas o transexuales)Opinià ³n polà ­ticaPor haber sido obligados a ser esterilizados o a abortar. O sufrir persecucià ³n por haberse negado. Diferencias en pedir asilo y condicià ³n de refugiado Una de las principales es el lugar en el que se encuentra la persona que sufre persecucià ³n. Para solicitar el estatus de refugiado es obligatorio encontrarse fuera de Estados Unidos. Ademà ¡s, el solicitante estar fuera de su paà ­s. A este à ºltimo requisito hay excepciones muy limitadas y establecidas expresamente por el Presidente de Estados Unidos. En la actualidad sà ³lo pueden solicitar el estatus de refugiado desde dentro de su propio paà ­s los cubanos, los ciudadanos de paà ­ses que formaron parte de la Unià ³n Sovià ©tica e Irak. Son circunstancias muy excepcionales y en inglà ©s son denominadas in-country processing. Los candidatos al estatus de refugiado son procesados en una primera fase por uno de los 9 Centros de Apoyo a la Reubicacià ³n (RSC, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), que tiene Estados Unidos en diferentes puntos del planeta. La mayorà ­a de ellos han llegado a un RSC porque han sido remitidos por el Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados, una Embajada de los Estados Unidos o una organizacià ³n no gubernamental. Otros llegan porque forman parte de un grupo calificado de especial preocupacià ³n humanitaria y, finalmente, los casos de reunificacià ³n familiar. Cuando toda la informacià ³n es recabada sobre el candidato, la misma se envà ­a al USCIS a Estados Unidos, que es quien debe aprobar la solicitud. El à ºltimo paso corre a cargo de una agencia de reubicacià ³n en EE.UU. que serà ¡ la encargada de apoyar al refugiado cuando se le autorice a viajar. Por el contrario, el asilo se solicita o bien en un puerto de entrada nada mà ¡s llegar (aeropuerto, puerto marà ­timo o frontera terrestre) ante un oficial de inmigracià ³n,(CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), o bien ya una vez dentro de Estados Unidos. En este à ºltimo caso la peticià ³n debe presentarse dentro del aà ±o siguiente a haber llegado al paà ­s. A esta regla de los 365 dà ­as se admiten excepciones muy raramente cuando las circunstancias en el paà ­s de origen cambian dramà ¡ticamente. Cabe destacar que algunos migrantes presentes en EE.UU. con TPS podrà ­an calificar para solicitar asilo porque en el caso de esta proteccià ³n especial el calendario de 1 aà ±o se considera congelado en la fecha en la que se le aprobà ³ el TPS por primera vez.  ¿Cuà ¡ntos refugiados y asilados admite EE.UU.? En el aà ±o fiscal 2018, EE.UU. admitià ³ un total de 22.491 refugiados. Los 10 paà ­ses con mayor nà ºmero de refugiados fueron: Congo (8.883)Myanmar (3.555)Ucrania (2,635)Butà ¡n (2,228)Eritrea (1,269)Afganistà ¡n (805)El Salvador (739)Paquistà ¡n (441)Rusia (437)Etiopà ­a (376) Para el aà ±o fiscal 2019 el presidente Donald Trump ha fijado en 30.000 el nà ºmero mà ¡ximo de refugiados que pueden ingresar al paà ­s. Los à ºltimos datos disponibles sobre asilo son el aà ±o fiscal 2016, segà ºn los cuales se aprobaron 20.458 estatus de asilo polà ­tico de los que 11.729 fueron asilos afirmativos, es decir, solicitudes aprobadas por USCIS. En 8.726 casos fueron asilos defensivos, es decir, aprobados por las cortes de inmigracià ³n o el Tribunal de Apelaciones migratorias (BIA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Los paà ­ses con mayor nà ºmero de casos aprobados fueron: China: 4.500El Salvador: 2.148Guatemala: 1.943Honduras: 1.513Mà ©xico: 920 En la actualidad hay mà ¡s de 733.000 solicitudes de asilo pendientes, estimà ¡ndose en 721 dà ­as la media de espera para la vista (hearing, en inglà ©s). Informacià ³n para los trà ¡mites de asilo En los casos de asilo se estima que los solicitantes pierden en el 90 por ciento de las veces en las que no està ¡n representados por un abogado. Por lo tanto, es extremadamente importante contar con uno con experiencia y buena reputacià ³n. La AILA es la organizacià ³n de EE.UU. sobre abogados migratorios y en su base de datos se pueden encontrar letrados por lugar y por tipo de especialidad migratoria. Ademà ¡s, numerosas organizaciones de apoyo a migrantes brindan ayuda o referencia a buenos abogados. Se recomienda tomar este test de respuestas mà ºltiples sobre asilo para familiarizarse sobre los puntos principales de este estatus. Puntos Clave: diferencias entre asilo polà ­tico y condicià ³n de refugiado Causas de asilo y condicià ³n de refugiado: haber sido perseguido o tener razones fundadas de que si el solicitante regresa a su paà ­s serà ¡ perseguido por su raza, opinià ³n polà ­tica, religià ³n, pertenencia a un grupo social o nacionalidad o por razones de esterilizacià ³n o aborto forzado. ¿Dà ³nde se pide la condicià ³n de refugiado?: fuera de EE.UU. El trà ¡mite lo inicia un RSC, en la mayorà ­a de los casos el solicitante ha sido remitido por el Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados. ¿Dà ³nde se solicita asilo polà ­tico?: en la frontera de EE.UU. o en el interior del paà ­s, dentro del plazo de un aà ±o a contar desde el dà ­a del ingreso, salvo circunstancias especiales.Nà ºmero de refugiados admitido por EE.UU. en 2018: 22.491. Para el 2019 el presidente Trump ha establecido una cifra mà ¡xima de 30.000Nà ºmero de asilos aprobados: 20.455 (segà ºn à ºltimos datos publicados oficialmente, que son del aà ±o fiscal 2016) Este artà ­culo es informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Jean Jacques Rousseau s Theory Of Liberty And Freedom

When Jean Jacques Rousseau wrote his Social Contract, the idea of liberty and freedom were not new theories. Many political thinkers such as John Locke and Thomas Hobbes had already evolved with their own clarification of liberty and freedom of mankind, and in fact John Locke had already publicized his views and ideas on the social contract as well. In Rousseau’s case, what he did was to transform the ideas incorporated by such substantial words, and present us to another method to the social contract dilemma. What would bring man to leave the state of nature, and enter into a structured civil society? Liberals believes that this was the assurance of protection - liberty to them implied being free from destruction and harm towards one’s property. Rousseau’s concept of freedom was entirely different from that of traditional liberals. According to Rousseau, liberty is meant to voice out your opinion, and participation as human being. â€Å"To renounce liberty is t o renounce being a man† (Wootton, 454). Rousseau believed that to uplift ourselves out of the state of nature, man must partake in the course of being the sovereign that provided the protection. The contrast between Rousseau’s concepts and those of the liberals of his time, originated with different understandings and interpretations of the state of nature. Classical liberal thinkers like Thomas Hobbes defined the state of nature as an unsafe place, where the threat of harm to one’s property was always an existent. HeShow MoreRelatedJean Jacques Rousseau And The Declaration Of Independence Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesJean-Jacques Rousseau was an Enlightenment thinker during the eighteenth century and is most noted for his work The Social Contract. 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The basic concept of a social contractRead MoreEssay on What is the Function of a Social Contract?1637 Words   |  7 PagesPhilosophers have been concerned with the theories of a social contract for thousands of years. Plato mentions the concept in Crito and in Republic. These theories have stemmed from the concept of justice and for our society to be just. I will look at the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and finally with John Rawls after which a overall view into the function of a social contract can be derived as well as any problems with the theory(s). The basic concept of a social contractRead MoreThomas Hobbes And The State Of Nature1727 Words   |  7 Pagesin determining political societies, or the governmental structures that composed these. However, many philosophers have different notions of the State of Nature. 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A half century later, Jean Jacques Rousseau published Discourse on Inequality, a piece that explored the proprietary origin and distribution of equality whil e subtly critiquing John Locke’s theories. By the time Karl Marx began to explore bourgeois society and its shortcomings, Rousseau was an established Locke critique who Marx’s On the Jewish Question and Communist Manifesto could contend with. The largest

An Arab Soldier in the Ottoman Army for Polymorphism-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAn Arab Soldier in the Ottoman Army for Polymorphism. Answer: I chose the document that discusses an Arab soldier and his life experiences on his journey as a part of the Ottoman army. Hasan al-Turjman was born in the year 1893 and died in the year 1917. He was recruited as a soldier in the Ottoman army. As a soldier, he had many experiences, dreams, aspirations, opinions about the occurrences in that era, and contentions towards the government in operation at the time. He compiled all his thoughts, dreams, ideas, experiences, aspirations and allegations in his diary, which was edited by Salim Tamari and printed out and distributed in The Year of the Locust. This paper is an illustration of the kind of life that Hasan led as a soldier and the relevance of those life experiences in the Middle East today. Document Details The purpose of this document is to teach readers life lessons. Its main lesson is based on how much life can tend to differ contrary to our expectation, and how one can cope with the situation. The document tries to show that even though there can be unhappy moments in life, it is not always the same and one should seek for the small things that make them happy, however small or unidentifiable by others .The purpose of the document is to depict the kind of life that one lived as a soldier in the Ottoman army in the 1900s. In the events recorded in the document, Hasan is portrayed as dreamer full of hope. One, he hopes that he will not die of the spreading disease named Typhus, which was spreading all over Jerusalem. The document was written by Salim Tamari in September 2011, a Sociology Professor at Birzeit University, Palestine, and the Director of the Institute of Jerusalem Studies. It was published by University of California Press. It was written to depict the life of a soldier i n the 1900s. The edited diary is a treasure to the Palestinian history and culture as it records the passing of the Ottoman State and contains in-depth observational facts relating to the triumph of Cemal Pasha as a leader, the severity of the invasion of locusts and the famine that comes after. Love Firstly, Hasan talks about his beloved who goes by the name Sharikat Hayati. They spot each other from afar on one Wednesday afternoon, but she ignores him. Hasan expresses his love for and how different she is from other women that he has met (Hasan and Al-Turjman 33). He talks about his fear of losing her to someone else and how much he wants to spend the rest of his life with her, which shows how deeply he is in love with her (Tama?ri? 23). Patriotism In the document, the author shows Hasans view of his country and originality. Hasan talks of Ottoman as his name and the world as his country, on 10th September 1915. These words provide us with a clear vision of a soldiers perception from a fortified city. Turjman's diary relates with genuineness and contemptuous views on his experience as a representative in the Ottoman government. As Salim Tamari writes in the introduction to the journal, Turjman's diary contains a lot of discernment on day to day life in Jerusalem in 1915 and 1916. The reactions of the poor modern artisans to hardship, and the calamities that came with the locusts attacks and the armed force seizure (Hayes). The statement in Turjmans diary shows us the importance of knowing our place in the society and being concerned with the ongoing politics around us because when fails to involve himself in politics and take a stand, politics will control them. Hasans contention towards the Ottoman Government convinces us that we should be patriotic to our country. These actions provided others with the promise of freedom. Locust Attacks Turjman also talks about the invasion of locusts on the Ottoman land which a caused famine. As evidenced in the texts, Turjmans family lacks bread for almost a whole week, and yet Ottoman is the supplier of wheat to other countries. He records the experience on a Monday, 17th of December 1915. He also pointed out that his family was living on handouts the whole time and in spite of help from friends they would have died of hunger. Hasan records it to show how bad the economy was at the time. It shows how the economy of Ottoman deteriorated due to bad governance. Also, the issue is convincing about the fact that people cannot survive without friends that care about them dearly enough, that they would run to their rescue when a need arises. During those times, the locust attack and the famine played the role of a lesson learned. During that time at least people learned how to support each other through thick and thin. During the famine, Turjmans family got to pick their real friends. Cemal Pasha Turjman is likewise tremendously disappointed with Cemal Pasha, whom he much of the time censures in his journal. It is apparent, as point by point in Eugene Rogan's history of the First World War from the Ottoman viewpoint, The Fall of the Ottomans. Rogan paints Cemal as a malicious tyrant authoritarian, coercing a "solidified rule of horror that would additionally undermine Ottoman regulation in the Arab provinces (Tama?ri?).Turjman apparently makes a relative point about Cemal Pasha and his effect on the eventual fate of the Ottomans, mockingly praising him in his record, asserting, "Cemal Pasha as the extraordinary pioneer, the savior of Egypt, in other words, the pioneer toward the void of defeat lost his mind. Another diary section, titled, "The Insolence of Cemal Pasha," from May 1915 has Turjman describing when he saw the general effort by his commissariat (Appasani). Turjman is dismayed at the nerve of Pasha to drive around with a chest "full of golden awards," a sight that influences him to declare, "What audacity! He asks himself over and over if Pasha feels any shame for the things that he has done and the defeat he steered the people into (Hazkani).Turjman recorded his contentions towards Pasha on account of the Attack on Egypt which was postponed by him due to military unpreparedness. Also, he says that many of his achievements are not merited and lack credibility (Malden, Douglas, and Hatch). Being a dictator, he causes Ottoman to fall into defeat. Turjman recorded these opinions on 25th of October, 1915 (Culp). The importance of this account is that one was able to understand the implications of an authoritarian leader through the behaviors of Pasha, who in turn led the country to defeat (Engdahl and (Firm)). Ideally, there re better methods of leadership that could drive a nation to greater achievements. The best leaders are hardly those who issue their final decisions based on their interests but rather those who are considerate of the diverse views of the citizens.It convinces people that during a national election in countries that practice democracy, the people should not elect leaders who are authoritative because they are not productive in the long run. According to my thinking, I would say that the document should be read in a sitting because it involves someone in deep thinking. The document makes a person analyze and evaluate situations that move a person out of their comfort zone take a person to the 1900s. The events in the story are in chronological order, and each sparks the occurrence of the other. It is necessary to create a correlation between the political and the socio-economic affairs in a country. Both the politics and the economy of a state are inseparable, and therefore a political crisis will translate to an economic downfall. This would be a precise lesson in the 21st century to train states on the relevance of political harmony. In conclusion, Hasan Turjman is a great legend because he recorded events that could not have been accounted better by any other person. He recorded the events one by one, the way they happened in detail. He covered themes such as; love, where the document tells of Turjmans wife to be, leadership where we see Turjamn showing contempt for dictatorship, famine (locust attacks, destruction of biodiversity and politics. Works Cited Appasani, Krishnarao. Genome-wide association studies : from polymorphism to personalized medicine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Culp, Barbara D. Vintage knowledge for principals : keys to enrich, encourage, and empower school leaders and empowering today's principals. Lanham : Rowman Littlefield, 2016. Engdahl, Sylvia and Thomson Gale (Firm). Patriotism. Detroit, Mich: Greenhaven Press, 2011. Francis Turjman Affiliation: Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Ho?pital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Bd Pinel, Bron, 69677, France, +33 4 72 68 12 63 and Clairv Olivier Levrier Affiliation: Department of Radiology. EVIDENCE Trial: design of a phase 2, randomized, controlled, multicenter study comparing flow diversion and traditional endovascular strategy in unruptured saccular wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. A Journal Dedicated to Neuroimaging and Interventional Neuroradiology, 2015. Hasan, M Z and F Al-Turjman. Optimizing Multipath Routing With Guaranteed Fault Tolerance in Internet of Things. New York, NY: IEEE Sensors Council, 2017. Hasan, M Z, F Al-Turjman and H Al-Rizzo. Optimized Multi-Constrained Quality-of-Service... by M Z Hasan . New York: IEEE Sensors Council, 2017. Hayes, Terry. The Year of the Locust. Atria/Emily Bestler Books, 2017. Hazkani, Shay. khinson889, n.d. Kennedy, Hugh. Caliphate : the history of an idea. New Yok: New York : Basic Books, 2016. Malden, Karl, et al. The streets of San Francisco. The complete series. Hollywood, California: Paramount Pictures, 2017. Tama?ri?, Sali?m. Year of the locust : a soldier's diary and the erasure of Palestine's Ottoman past. Berkeley : University of California Press, 2011. Varney, Helen and Joyce Beebe Thompson. A history of midwifery in the United States : the midwife said fear not. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, LLC, 2016.

Karen Ann Quinlan free essay sample

Soon, a very private Quinlans found themselves at the center of public court case that drew national attention. Superior Court rejected their initial petition for getting Karen off life support. However, they persisted and presented their case to the New Jersey Supreme Court. Finally, on March 31, 1976, Joe Quinlan was appointed as the personal guardian of his daughter Karen, and was given the right to discontinue her life support. After long negotiations between Quinlans family and hospital staff, Karen Ann was taken off the life support. To everyone’s surprise, she continued breathing on her own. Karen Ann was relocated to Morris View Nursing Home in June 1976 where she lived for another nine years before dying on June 11, 1985 from pneumonia. Julia Quinlan recalled how hard it was for her to watch her daughter slowly die for 10 years. The case of Karen Ann Quinlan became extremely public. During time of her coma, there was a movie made and a few books written. We will write a custom essay sample on Karen Ann Quinlan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Karen Ann became a â€Å"Right-to-die heroine†, and was more of a symbol than a substance. Karen Ann Quinlan’s case changed the way many people looked at life and death and what is considered a livable life and dignified death. 1 â€Å"Living wills† concept or advanced derivative started after that case. The ruling that was made by New Jersey Supreme Court led to the requirement for all the healthcare facilities to have ethics committees. Five years after Karen Ann fallen into coma, Quinlans opened the Karen Ann Quinlan hospice in Newton. 3 This hospice helps not only terminally ill patients but also their families in the last 6 months of life.

Extremely Loud Incredibly Close Jonathan Safran Foer Essay Example

Extremely Loud Incredibly Close Jonathan Safran Foer Paper Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close Barnaby T. Chuckles Mr. Kubacki Jonathan Safran Foer’s novel, Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close, is a tightly woven web of interrelated metaphors and thematic elements. Getting into every single one could take between a life-time and forever so for the purposes of this essay I will only focus on the few main themes; growing into adulthood, which is the quest that Oskar takes on when he sets out to find out about the key, accepting the unknowable in the universe, the random and the unquantifiable that separate life from mathematics, and duality. The last is the trickiest to wrap ones head around and, as typified by the interrelatedness mentioned earlier, ties in to the other two themes. As Oskar grows up he has to come to accept the way in which not everything in the universe can be explained, learn to make his scientific mind can come to grasp a chaotic world, and come to understand how humanity can be essentially illogical. It would be pointless, of course, to point out that Oskar’s quest is as crazy as you can get, but that being said we can begin to grasp that his journey is to get in touch with and become accustomed to his own craziness as a human being. We will write a custom essay sample on Extremely Loud Incredibly Close Jonathan Safran Foer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Extremely Loud Incredibly Close Jonathan Safran Foer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Extremely Loud Incredibly Close Jonathan Safran Foer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And he way in which Oskar gets a palate for his own madness is by tasting the insanity of others. Each Black that he visits throughout the course of the book not only teaches Oskar something about people, but also mirrors his struggle. The first four Blacks he visits seem relatively insignificant, they can’t give him any information on the key. Yet, each somehow reflects Oskar’s journey into adulthood. When he goes to visit Aaron Black, after setting foot in Queens for the first time, symbolizing how the quest is the catalyst that sends Oskar out of his shell into the big, bright world, he finds that the man is literally paralyzed and can’t come down to greet him. Aaron Black’s literal paralysis mimics Oskar’s inability to come out into the real world, or as the case may be, up to the seventh floor, where he fears a terrorist attack (a fear he will later overcome). The two are unable to connect in a metaphorical sense as well as an actual one. Oskar begins by playing the orphaned child card and tells Aaron his dad is dead immediately, not trying to forge any sort of bond. When he learns of Aaron’s infirmity he can’t take it and runs away (in retrospect he says, â€Å"if I could do it again I would do it differently. But you can’t do it again. †), representing how he cowers away from his dad’s death when he bruises, invents and retreats into his shell. Abby Black, who becomes much more significant later in the book and whom I will discuss later in the essay as well, holds much more import for Oskar’s development, even this early in the book. On first read-through they seem to get along swimmingly. Oskar extolls her beauty when she first opens the door, making her crack up literally as well as figuratively, as when someone laughs the barrier between two people breaks down a little bit. Also, Abby is an epidemiologist, so Oskar connects to her through his pedantic knowledge of science. However, common interests don’t necessarily make two people compatible, and Oskar uses his, for lack of a better word, nerdiness to connect to Abby, instead of exploiting the real connection they have as two people in crises, two scientists. When Oskar first asks her about the key and she says she knows nothing about it, he can tell right off the bat that there’s something wrong and she’s not telling the whole story. Oskar can read Abby but he doesn’t know how to react to what he reads. Before he enters her apartment he fibs to get in saying, â€Å"I didn’t feel great about lying, and I didn’t believe in being able to know what was going to happen before it happens, but for some reason I knew I had to get inside her apartment. † This is when Oskar gets his first lesson in the irrational way in which people (in this case, himself) operate. What he’s describing is intuition, which is manifestly unquantifiable, so he chooses to ignore it as some kind of supernatural phenomenon, which he’s duty bound as an atheist to ignore. However, by ignoring his intuition and proceeding â€Å"logically† he misses the most important detail in his visit; that Abby’s husband must also be a Black and may know something about the key. Later when he asks to kiss Abby and she says no he gets his second lesson in the duality of reason and human’s irrationality. He asks to take a picture of her but seems to realize a picture of her face isn’t good enough, so he takes one from behind her head, basically acknowledging that he doesn’t know her. Yet by accepting their position as strangers he brings himself to a greater understanding of how they relate to each other. Next comes Abe Black, a few chapters later. He convinces Oskar to ride the Cyclone, a huge step for Oskar, as he would normally never accept that embracing danger as an essential part of life. â€Å"’It would be a shame to die without riding the Cyclone,’ he told me. It would be a shame to die,’ I told him. â€Å"Yeah,’ he said, ‘but with the Cyclone you can choose. ’† Oskar finds that though life is filled with death the best way to deal with it is to live life to the fullest. He finds that there are some things that can’t be missed out on and that that’s all that matters in the end, even if the end is alw ays death. He goes on to say his day with Abe was the perfect day aside from not finding anything about the key. This, paired with the roller coaster, is the first time Oskar just gets lost in living. He doesn’t care about inventing or the key or his dad, he’s just having a good time at the fair. The next Black, Ada, mirrors Oskar’s struggle, and by reflecting it also illuminates it. Oskar starts off by grilling her about all the money she has. From the first reader can tell it’s a subject she feels uncomfortable about. She’s very clearly thought hard about the questions Oskar asks her and doesn’t have a good answer. She’s essentially in conflict with herself, saying, â€Å"I know what I am, but I don’t like what I am,† which shows Oskar’s conflict of not knowing what he is and not knowing whether he likes it or not. It’s the first time that Oskar sees that the â€Å"rules† can be broken. Ada’s philosophy is that it’s unfair to have so much when others have so little, but she has given up knowing that she can’t possibly hope to change the world. Oskar learns that it is possible to live with shades of grey and values being compromised. Having learned all this Oskar is now ready to meet the most important Black in the story. He is unnamed, perhaps because he is the most important Black and represents all the Blacks and what they have to teach Oskar. Close to death though he is, Mr. Black has done the most living of any of the Blacks or really anyone in the story. He’s loved and lost, fought and won, seen great events unfold and performed small gestures of love. As he said, he’s, â€Å"lived every day of the twentieth century. † Mr. Black represents a more complete picture of Oskar, in a metaphorical sense because he lives in an identical apartment above him, with two floors, representing a wiser man, but also in a literal sense as he has lived a more life. He spent his days working as a journalist, mirroring Oskar’s fixation on analytical thought and desire to get to the truth. Oskar immediately wants to emulate Mr. Black, mentally jotting down everything he says, but as one read on one sees that Oskar not only wants to mimic all the amazing things he’s done with his life, but to gain the knowledge that Mr. Black has accrued in all his years. When Mr. Black tells the story of the Russian artists feeding each other and says, â€Å"That’s the difference between Heaven and Hell. In Hell we starve, in Heaven we feed each other. Oskar without thinking replies, â€Å"I don’t believe in the afterlife,† to which Mr. Black responds, â€Å"Neither do I but I believe in the story. † When the story is told Oskar lets his knowledge get in the way of his understanding of the story, while Mr. Black can also know there’s no afterlife while grasping the larger significance of the story. Oskar gets his n ext lesson in the duality of human nature here. He learns that one can believe in the deeper significance of something without sacrificing his scientific perspective. This is mirrored in the way Mr. Black hammers a nail into his bed every morning, despite it having no significance other than it pleasing him to do so. What is really extraordinary about Mr. Black is he gains is wisdom not from knowing everything as Oskar seems to want to, but by accepting what he doesn’t know. Mr. Black has completely turned off his hearing aids and stopped leaving his apartment, shutting himself off from the world. He realizes his quests and loves are over and that he now needs time to gain wisdom from those experiences. But even this is not the end, for when he meets Oskar he sees himself reflected in the boy and realizes he’s ruminated enough and it’s time to go back out into the world again. Having added a new character into the equation, the next few Blacks reflect not only Oskar but Mr. Black as well, who in turn reflects back onto Oskar. This is shown first by the trip to find Agnes Black. Oskar opens the door on a woman who can’t speak English. Only Mr. Black can talk to her. He laughs and jokes with her and eventually finds out that Agnes Black died in the World trade center the same as Oskar’s father. It’s a very strange dynamic that in Oskar’s quest the two most important people can’t be part of the conversation. Agnes’s only connected, posthumously, to the latina woman and Oskar is connected only through Mr. Black. However, Mr. Black and the latina woman are not only connected by a common language but by the fact that they are both old and decrepit. Even though the two cannot see each other as the latina woman is in a wheel chair and Mr. Black is too tired to go up the stairs, they form a stronger connection by not seeing each other, much in the same way that Oskar and Agnes are connected by the invisible specter of Oskar’s dad. The next few Blacks are gone through quickly. They don’t tell him anything about the key but they tell a little about themselves and therefore a little about Oskar. Albert Black, the actor who moved to New York to be far away, teaches Oskar how you can become someone else. Alice Black, the artist who draws the same man over and over again, gives Oskar a glimpse of dedication, or perhaps obsession. Allen Black, the overqualified doorman who misses his job as an engineer, shows Oskar about taking comfort in the continuity of life, as Allen is comfortable being a doorman as long as it means his son will be a doctor. Arnold Black simply comes across as a jerk, and Oskar had to learn there are jerks out there eventually. Then there were several Blacks which only get a sentence or two in the book. The one that sticks out in my mind is old Chinese man who has â€Å"I heart NY† posters all over his room, but thinks they mean â€Å"I love you. When Oskar points this out he can’t read the expression on Fo Black’s face, saying â€Å"I couldn’t tell what he was feeling, because I couldn’t speak the language. † Georgia Black and her husband live on Staten Island (which can only be reached by ferry, so even going there is a big step for Oskar) and made museums to each other. Oskar gets his first taste here of how human irrationality can make people much happier. There is nothing more irrational than love but Mr. and Mrs. Black dove in head first and never regretted it.

Lenin Essays - Economic Ideologies, Vladimir Lenin, Socialism

Lenin Essays - Economic Ideologies, Vladimir Lenin, Socialism Lenin Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, later known as Lenin was a key figure in European history. Lenin led the Bolsheviks (which later became known as communists) to overthrow the Russian Tsar, and to bring socialism to Russia. Lenin introduced Communism to Russia. This changed the history for Russia as well as the rest of Europe, and to this day has had a huge effect on the Russian economy. Lenins impact on Europe and Russia consisted of him applying Marxist ideas, which later led to complete Communism, and a threat to Europe and the rest of world. In developing his plan of socialism in Russia, Lenin followed the examples of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the original developers of the communist theory. The main aspect of any kind of government, and especially socialism, is its economic structure. Lenin explained that in his economic theory, called Imperialism, the first step was to gradually move into a joined monopoly - capitalist phase, which later would become communism. Lenin went on to say that based on the disproportion between economic development of the monopoly stage, which is the beginning of full socialism, and capitalism, which is the meaning of a private life and freedom from others. The only problem with that theory is that a Monopoly and Capitalism are complete opposites of each other, and were bound to cause problems.(http://venus.spaceports.com/theory/economy_1.htm) Lenin knew of this problem, but considered it a stepping stone in the right direction. He predicted problems, but thought in due time his economi c machine would operate with great success, and make Russia into a world mega power. Lenins plan of communism for Russia was supposed to be great. People were supposed to get free education, free medical care, everybody makes the same amount of money, working equally as hard, and everybody was supposed to get the same advantage in life. But it would never work out quite as planed. On October 25, 1917 (November 7th according to the new Gregorian calendar), Lenin led the Bolsheviks in a Socialist Revolution that would lead Lenin in charge of Russia. Everything that had been set in stone about the life and culture of Russian over the past centuries, would change during the course of one night. People were expecting great things, Lenin and others associated with his party, made Karl Marxs ideas about Communism sound great. Once Lenin came to power and tried to execute his plans towards his nation things went terribly wrong for the people of Russia. The problems started with the working class or the proletariat, the people that Lenin put in charge of the nation. As common knowledge, proletariats are not the most educated people, with no knowledge of how to help run a Socialist government. So the proletariats started making decisions that would hurt the common man in Russia. Decease, hunger and even cannibalism struck over some parts of the nation, where as before in the Monarchy rule under Tsar Nicholas II, Russia was as rich in agriculture as any other country in the world.(Shinskaya) Another promise that Lenin kept was that he gave the peasants more land. Also, he forced the peasants to move to collective farms, called Kalhoz (Russian). The peasants didnt have any privacy, all their personal belongings were taken and put to public use in their collective farms. An example of the changes going on in the work force, on socialistic collective farm, was farmers, one farmer has two cows, the other had none. In a communistic governm ent, where everybody is completely equal, Lenin would make the two farmers coexist and work with each other, and make the farmer with two cows share with the farmer with no cows at all. Allowing the farmer with no cows to free load off the farmer with two cows. That is Communism; unfair, but too bad, you cant do anything about it. The peasants became outraged and started to strike. Bolshevik at first sight of resistance began to shoot down innocent people fighting for their freedom, all by the order of Lenin.(Isayevich 98) The problems didnt end there. Back in the old days of Monarch Russia, the Russian people had a great belief of the church. In one of Karl Marxs publishings about communism, he replies Religion

Alternate Finance Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Alternate Finance Program - Essay Example The AFP program, in Ontario, also aims at procuring private sector involvement in the Design, Build, Finance and long term Facilities Management (FM) of these new public projects. The AFP process introduced the concept of post construction operation of buildings, to the building industry, an area where they hitherto had no significant expertise. A salient difference between the UK model and the AFP in Ontario is a contractual prerequisite for buildings to be accredited in accordance with the parameters set out in the LEED set of guidelines, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. These are a set of target driven design standards for producing "Green" or sustainable buildings. There is a swelling trend of looking at the outsourcing of non-core activities by a facilities management as an expert service provider. In this research, we would look at the hard facilities management; this expertise is discussed and provides credibility throughout this research as a fast emerging and strategic partnership role for FM professionals in building design development. The research details the existing roles and responsibilities of FM professionals and shows how they now must be merged into the design, build, finance areas along with their involvement in post construction process. My focus throughout the paper remains that the role of the FM practitioner must be that of a strategic partner to the construction consortium as their experience and expertise in managing the operation and maintenance of buildings is a necessity for successful AFP procurement and post construction execution. Last but not the least, this research involves resource material references, web articles, professional journals and interviews with industry professionals to support the hypothesis that FM Professionals are strategic to successful AFP projects. OUTLINE Chapter 1 Introduction U can add more definations if u think there is a requirement Chapter 2 Literature Review a) The role of facility management in alternative finance program design b) Sustainability and Maintenance in AFP c) LEED Accreditation, Energy and environmental issues Chapter 3 Situational analysis of Ontario It needs to be fixed Chapter 4 Methodology Why have you chosen this method of research Data analysis And add what I asked u to Chapter 5 Conclusion and recommendations Bibliography Questionnaires (whatever you have concluded from the questionnaire will go to data analysis.) Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION Would just suggest if u could add few quotes..it although have manysee for yourself Traditionally, Construction Companies never get involved at an operational level post warranty and the idea of long term responsibility for their product was sometimes new and unknown territory where they had little or no expertise. PPP arrangements are being embraced by different governments around the world, to promote collaboration between public and private sector. The ventures, which are financed and operated, through a partnership of government and involves one or may be more private sectors are referred as Public Private Partnership (PPP). "Any collaboration between public bodies, such as local authorities or central government, and private companies tends to be referred to a public-private partnership (PPP)." BBC (2003) Another definition by Pearce (n d.) will explain it further: "PPP exists where the public and private sector work together in a long term partnership to deliver a common